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#33603
Complete Question Explanation
(See the complete passage discussion here: lsat/viewtopic.php?t=13775)

The correct answer choice is (D)

The general nature of the question makes it difficult to arrive at a more precise prephrase. Instead, try the process of elimination: any answer choice that cannot be proven by the passage will be incorrect.

Answer choice (A): Although corporate farming depends heavily on debt and credit as a means of raising capital (lines 3-4), no comparison is made between corporate and small farms in this respect.

Answer choice (B): Small farms can allegedly charge less than supermarkets and still operate at a profit (lines 30-31), but that does not mean that farmers’ profits would rise if they charged the same. Such hypotheticals are impossible to prove with the information given.

Answer choice (C): No comparison is ever made between rural and urban consumers’ inclination to join a CMC. Just because CMCs would consist primarily of people from metropolitan areas does not mean that rural folk are less willing to join them. The reason why small farms must be located close to urban centers is to guarantee a client base large enough to ensure profitability, not necessarily one that is more inclined to join a CMC.

Answer choice (D): This is the correct answer choice. It is tricky, and many students tend to dismiss it all too quickly. Recall that one of Whatley’s recommendations involved growing at least ten different crops (line 14). Logically, then, if a CMC requests fewer than ten different crops, then at least one of Whatley’s recommendations will not be followed.

The ability to answer this question correctly underscores the importance of knowing passage structure, along with the need to make a few simple notations while reading. The answer choice describes a situation whereby one of Whatley’s recommendations are not being followed. As long as you know where these recommendations were discussed in the passage, you can easily return to that portion of the text and validate your choice. Better yet, observant test-takers would have notated each of the three main guidelines described in the second paragraph, and expect to be questioned on that list.

Answer choice (E): By selling directly to consumers, small farms with a CMC can eliminate distribution costs (lines 31-33). Such costs do not need to be accounted for, or paid for by customers.
 reop6780
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#15580
The correct answer is D while I chose C.

I see that answer D is sound answer.

Still, I chose answer C based upon line 36 and line 55, and do not see any fault in answer C.

Could anyone explain why answer C is wrong or at least why answer D is a better answer?
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 KelseyWoods
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#15585
Hi reop6780!

Answer choice (D), as you said, must be true based on the statements in our passage. We can directly prove it with lines 14-15.

Answer choice (C), on the other hand, is not proven with the lines that you cite. The passage says that most of the members of the CMCs would be from metropolitan areas but this does not prove that consumers living in rural areas are less inclined to join a CMC. An alternative explanation as to why a CMC would have fewer members from a rural area might be that there are just a lot less people in rural areas, not that they are any less inclined to join a CMC. The passage never discusses any difference between rural and urban consumers' inclination to join a CMC. CMCs need to be close to metropolitan areas so that they can have enough of a client base to be profitable.

Hope this helps!

Best,
Kelsey
 avengingangel
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#30918
Why is D a superior answer to E?

When I first read D I thought it was correct, but then re-read the passage and thought through that just because a Client requests fewer than 10 crops, doesn't mean that the farmer can't grow additional crops for other clients (for a total of 10+ crops).

I liked (E) because it's stated in lines 31-33: "Whatley's plan also affords farmers the advantage of selling directly to consumers, thus eliminating distribution costs." Dist. costs are "accounted for" and "paid directly by customers" bc they incur the cost of traveling to the farm.

Can someone please explain exactly how D is correct? Thanks!
 Adam Tyson
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#31306
Careful there, Angel - answer D says nothing about "a client" asking for fewer than 10 crops. Read it again and you'll see that is says "a CMC requests fewer than ten different crops". That means the entire client base, not just one client! If the CMC as a whole asks for fewer than 10 crops, then either the farmer fails to follow one of Whatley's suggestions (grow at least 10 to cover for any one crop failing) or fails to follow another suggestion (grow only what the clients want).

Answer E twists the facts and requires a lot of help to be any good. Distribution costs aren't paid for directly by consumers, nor is there any need to "account for" them, because distribution costs are eliminated completely in Whatley's model (see around lines 33-34 for support). Answer E suggests that the consumers are paying some sort of fee or surcharge for distribution, which they are not. It's true that those costs are passed on to the consumers by putting the onus on them to come to where the food is, but it's a big stretch to say that's what answer E is talking about.
 ibarrajo
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#67879
[quote="KelseyWoods"]Hi reop6780!

Answer choice (D), as you said, must be true based on the statements in our passage. We can directly prove it with lines 14-15.

Answer choice (C), on the other hand, is not proven with the lines that you cite. The passage says that most of the members of the CMCs would be from metropolitan areas but this does not prove that consumers living in rural areas are less inclined to join a CMC. An alternative explanation as to why a CMC would have fewer members from a rural area might be that there are just a lot less people in rural areas, not that they are any less inclined to join a CMC. The passage never discusses any difference between rural and urban consumers' inclination to join a CMC. CMCs need to be close to metropolitan areas so that they can have enough of a client base to be profitable.

------

Hi Kelsey,

Thanks for your feedback. I have a follow up to the student's question. What about lines 40-43, "The farm should be situated on a hard-surfaced road within 40 miles of a population center of at least 50,000 people, as studies suggest that people are less inclined to travel any greater distanced for food"

These provide reason for 'inferring' that consumers who live in rural areas are 'generally' less inclined than those who live in metropolitan areas to join a CMC." While the quotes don't explicitly differentiate between rural versus urban, other lines in the passage (e.g. those cited by the student above) do. Wouldn't it then NOT be such a stretch to infer answer C?
 James Finch
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#67899
Hi Ibarrajo,

I think you're confusing the distance with the population density of rural versus urban. Lines 40-43 are talking about having a large enough market for the food, being within 40 miles of a 50K population urban center. It's not saying that rural inhabitants are less likely to join a CMC, just implying that there aren't enough of them to support a CMC on their own. We have no idea if they're more/same/less inclined to join a CMC.

Hope this clears things up!
 ibarrajo
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#68073
James Finch wrote:Hi Ibarrajo,

I think you're confusing the distance with the population density of rural versus urban. Lines 40-43 are talking about having a large enough market for the food, being within 40 miles of a 50K population urban center. It's not saying that rural inhabitants are less likely to join a CMC, just implying that there aren't enough of them to support a CMC on their own. We have no idea if they're more/same/less inclined to join a CMC.

Hope this clears things up!
Ah! Yes, okay now I see. That makes more sense! Thanks!

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