#11- recently completed study of several hundred subjects, all of approximately

[Administrator]

Complete Question Explanation

Strengthen. The correct answer choice is (D).

Answer choice (A):

Answer choice (B):

Answer choice (C):

Answer choice (D): This is the correct answer choice.

Answer choice (E):

[ChicaRosa]

Why is D correct and not E?

I thought D neither strengthened not weakened the stimulus since it mentioned that the study was determined by random basis while E addressed the conclusion of increasing one's life span.

Thanks!

[David Boyle]

Why is D correct and not E?

I thought D neither strengthened not weakened the stimulus since it mentioned that the study was determined by random basis while E addressed the conclusion of increasing one's life span.

Thanks!

Hello ChicaRosa,

Answer E is not helpful; we really don't care why someone wants to exercise. Answer D is good because it helps preclude things like a reverse cause, e.g., it's not that the people who exercise become the healthiest (or tending to live the longest), it's that those who are already healthy then tend to exercise the most.

Hope this helps,
David

[cmorris32]

Hi PowerScore!

Based on my understanding of this stimulus, it is Cause and Effect Reasoning, and the conclusion is that exercise can cause one's life span to increase.

I know that one of the ways to strengthen a causal argument is to show that a data/statistical problem does not exist. Would answer choice D fall under this category? I was kind of thrown off by this answer because I feel like this is an uncommon way to strengthen a causal argument.

In addition, if a survey is presented in a stimulus, is it reasonable to believe that it is accurate?

Thank you in advance!
- Caroline

[jdconnect]

I am also seeking help with this question. I think Caroline is on the right track by acknowledging that D) strengthens in that it accounts for statistical bias. Keeping in mind that the conclusion is that exercise can increase one's lifespan, if the subjects are randomly selected to either exercise or refrain from exercise, then the possibility that there was some ulterior cause which led some subjects both to die and to refrain from exercise is eliminated.

But doesn't AC B) also eliminate a similar weakening idea? AC B) attributes the lack of exercise to a lack of time, thereby avoiding some ulterior cause which could also have also led to a decrease in lifespan.

I can't convince myself that B) does not strengthen the argument.

[Frank Peter]

Hi JD,

I think the problem with (B) is that it doesn't really have an impact on the argument. When we strengthen an argument we need to think about potential weaknesses with the argument and how we could eliminate those weaknesses. (D) eliminates the potential of a self-selection bias (i.e. the people who choose to exercise during the study may also engage in other healthy habits, making it difficult to say whether it's the exercise or some other habit causing an increased lifespan).

With (B), the reason why certain members of the study chose not to exercise doesn't really help us. Maybe if they found the time to exercise they would also have an increased lifespan, but we need to focus on tightening the connection between exercise and increased lifespan, and eliminating potential alternate causes. (D) does a better job at that because it eliminates one of the biggest weaknesses with the argument. And keep in mind, we are asked to choose the best answer choice. Even if we could think of some ways that (B) might help the argument out, (D) is a stronger choice.

[ashpine17]

what is actually flawed abou the study? i'm assuming because we have to strengthen the argument it means it isn' tperfect. is it because we don't know whether the group was isolated from other potential factors that may affect their lifespan aside from exercise? the group tht doesn't exercise would be the control group right?

[Robert Carroll]

ashpine,

We're told so little about these people that we have no idea what other factors may have been involved that might be relevant to their chances of dying during the study. The group that didn't exercise would I suppose be the control group, although, again, we don't even know if there is a "control" for any other factors because none of that is mentioned. The lack of mention doesn't mean it's not a problem - the lack of mention means we have no idea how it works, and thus the argument is extremely weak.

Robert Carroll

[ashpine17]

this is a more general question but why are questions like these part of the assumption family? does that mean the answer choices strengthen the assumptions made in the stimulus or merely make them explicit?

[katehos]

Hi ashpine17!

This question is a Strengthen question, which is part of the Help Family! In this family, you accept the truth of the answer choices themselves, then determine if they "help" strengthen the argument.

The correct answer is not necessarily an assumption of the argument, rather, what best supports the argument. This support can come from a multitude of different sources, for example, the correct answer may strengthen the argument by eliminate an alternate cause for the stated effect, showing that the data used was accurate, or even showing that when the cause does not occur, the effect does not occur.

In the context of this question, answer choice (D) strengthens the argument by eliminating problems with the data, since subjects were told to exercise during the study at random.

Hope this helps!
-Kate